Evoking the Archetype of Mother in Resistance Poetry of Afghanistan

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD Candidate in Persian Language and Literature, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

2 Associate Professor, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.

3 . Assisstant Professor, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.

10.22103/jrl.2024.21474.2861

Abstract

By the year the Islamic revolution in Iran overthrew the former regime, a Marxist system in Afghanistan took the power, the anti-religious nature of which caused many mass uprising against it. The civilian resistance continued till the complete withdrawal of the Russian military and overthrow of Marxist system in 1993. The conquest of Mujahedin ended up with civil war, which in turn caused the appearance of Taliban, and consequently their complete conquest of the country. Playing a savior role, the US and the NATO established the Islamic republic of Afghanistan in 2001. This government, again, was brought down by Taliban. But throughout all these periods, what kept the nation of Afghanistan on their feet was their indomitable spirit.
The role of poetry of resistance in the history of Afghanistan is something remarkable. Widely calling the national and religious figures, and using the old patterns of poetry and mythological elements, contemporary poetry of Afghanistan traveled a long way of resistance, and strengthened the morale of resistance of the people. Mythological sources, in addition to enforcing the aspects of the poetry, have been used as the tool for the poets to scandal the invading and intervening strangers, their puppet governments, and the traitors.
This study aims at criticizing and evaluating the mother archetype as the strongest, and most substantial archetype which is deeply affecting the unconscious mind, as the most important, and the key archetype of Afghanistan resistance poetry. After recognition of these manifestations, it aims at investigating the relation between them and the resistance thought in resistance poetry.

Keywords

References

 
-Aasi, A. (1995). Of the Fire of the Silk. Kabul: Ayam e Baraki.
-Bachelard, Gaston. (1964). The Psychoanalysis of Fire. Translated by J. Satari. Tehran: Toos.
-Bakhtary, M. W. (1996). Some Earthenware on the Crystalline Preface of Tomorrow. Kabul: Azem.
-Chehrqani, R. (2002). Criticism of Resistance Literature in the Poetry of Afghan Persian Speakers (unpublished Master’s thesis). Tarbiat Modares University.
-Chevalier, Jean. (2006). Dictionary of Symbols. Translated by S. Fazayeli. 2nd ed. Tehran: Jehoon.
-Cooper, J. C. (1987). An Illustrated Encyclopedia Of Symbols. Translated by Maliha K. Tehran: Farshad.
-Coupe, Laurence. (2014). Myth. Translated by Khat e Momted e Andisha (2nd Ed.). Tehran: Neshaneh.
-Eliade, Mircea. (1959). The Sacred and the Profane. Translated by N. Zangoyee. Tehran: Sorosh.
-Forogh, Kh. (2011). The Continuous steps of Persian Poetry. Kabul: Barg.
-Guerin, L. W., Lee, M. et al. (1997). A handbook of critical approaches to literature. Translated by Farzana Taheri. Tehran: Nilofar.
-Hamed, A. (1998). Let the Night Stay Forever. Peshawar: Maiwand.
- -------------. (1993). From the Hell of Urdibehesht. Balkh: Association of the Writers.
-  ------------. (2011). Diwan. Edited by M. K. Kazemi. Tehran: Erfan.
-Herawi, S. J. (2010). Contemporary Poets of Afghanistan (4th Ed.). Mashhad. Nawand.
-Jung. C. (2019). The Archetype and The Collective Unconscious. Translated by Farnaz Ganji, et al. (4th Ed.) Tehran: Jami.
- -----------. (2014 a). Man and His Symbols. Translated by Mahmood Sultania. (9th Ed.). Tehran: Jami.
- -----------. (2014 b). New myths, the world of mythology. Translated by Jalaal, Sattari. (5th Ed.). Tehran: Markaz.
- ----------. (1989). Four Exemplary Faces. Translated by Parwin Faramarzi. Mashhad: Aastan e Quds Razawi.
-Kazemi, K. (2011). The Story of the Stone and the Brick (6th Ed.). Tehran: Ketab e Nayestan.
-Khalili, K. (1999). Khalilulla Khlili’s Book of Poems. Edited by K. Abdulhai. Tehran: Bonyad e Nishapoor.
-Kazzazi, M. (2009). Dream, Epic poem, and the Myth (5th. Ed.). Tehran: Markaz.
-Moreno, A. (1970). Jung, Gods, and Modern Man. Translated by Daryoosh Mehrjuyee. Tehran: Markaz.
-Mozaffari, S. A. (2014). Capital of Fairies; contemporary poetry of Afghanistan. Tehran: Iranian Poet Association.
- ------------------. (2013). How dies an eagle. Tehran: Aamu.
-Nederi, N. P. (2005). The Bloody Mouth of Freedom. Tehran: Erfaan.
-Nikubakht, N. & Chehrqaani, B. R. (2011). Resistance Poetry of Afghanistan from Marxist Coup till Islamic Republic. Resistance Literature. 1st year, 2nd issue. Pp. 341 – 368.
-Rashidiyan, B. (1991). Mythological Insight in Persian Poetry. Tehran: Gostorda.
-Sangari, M. R. (2004). Resistance Literature. Poem. The 39th poem. Dawra, pp. 45-53.
-Shariati, A. (1971). Shahadat. Tehran: Husainia e Irshad.
-Shayagaan, D. (2001). Mental Idols and Eternal Memory (4th ed.). Tehran: Amir Kabir.
-Snowden, Ruth. (2012). The Key Ideas. Translated by A. Shekholislamzadeh. Tehran: Atayee.
-Tabesh, Q. (2012). The collection of Poems of Qanbarali Tabesh. Isfahan: Computational Research Center of Qayemiya in Isfahan.
 
Journal of Resistance Literature
Volume 15, Issue 29
March 2024
Pages 201-232

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics