Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Associate Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
3 Ph.D. candidate of Persian language and literature, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
Abstract
Epics have a prehistoric basis, and the era of their creation is over. But, epic writing and epic aspect in connection with historical and social events, especially wars, continues. Iran's wars against Russia and Iraq in the last two centuries have been among the country's most decisive events. War poetry is an important branch of war literature that shows its most obvious and useful manifestations in connection with the literary type of epic and in the application of the epic aspect. Understanding and examining how to relate to the literary type of epic and the use of the epic aspect in the poetry of the two wars is the concern of this research.
A comparative study of the use of the epic aspect in the poetry of both wars and the epics of their poets will lead to a better understanding of this event, and consequently, to a better and more important understanding of an important part of the tumultuous history of the last two centuries. For this reason, this study is deemed necessary and is considered as a kind of historical study of poetry.
This article has an analytical and descriptive method and has used documentary and library tools. The researchers have adapted the poetry of the two wars in order to reveal the differences in the attitudes and choices and the similarities and differences in thought, language and literature of the poets of both wars in the way they use the epic aspect. in the studies, all the written literary inventory of the poetry of the Iran-Russia wars and many of the prominent poems of the poets of the Iran-Iraq war have been considered.
Poets of both wars benefited from strong patriotic and religious motives. They have followed the epic texts of the past, especially Shahnameh. But, the poets of the Iran-Russia war have often repeated and imitated the past, and sometimes considered the king and princes superior to the poets of the past and national heroes. People have no place in their poetry and only failures are attributed to people. Epic flattery and exaggeration about the king and the court have replaced the praise of the soldiers' sacrifices. In contrast, the poets of the Iran-Iraq war are light-hearted and have a deep and transnational perspective. In their poetry, they have paid attention to the diversity of literary genres in the service of the epic aspect. They are idealistic and think of national unity and even unity with other oppressed nations. Women have a strong presence in their poetry and are praised and honored like warriors.
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