نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

• نسرین فلاح

استادیار گروه زبان و ادبیّات فارسی، دانشکدة ادبیّات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر، کرمان، ایران،

چکیده

فرهنگ­نامة جبهه، دربردارندة طنز هشت سال دفاع مقدّس است که بر­اساس خاطرات شفاهی رزمندگان اسلام جمع­آوری­شده­است. جلد سوم این فرهنگ­نامه، انواع شوخ­طبعی‌های جبهه را دربرمی­گیرد. این شوخ­طبعی‌ها با رویکرد موضوع­محور طبقه­بندی­شده­اند. بررسی کارکرد‌های طنز دفاع مقدّس بر اساس این فرهنگ­نامه، افزون بر ارائة فضای دیگری از جبهه که در نقطة مقابل خشونت جنگ ترسیم می­شود، تأثیر آن را در تلطیف و تغییر فضای جبهه نشان‌می‌دهد. این مقاله از نوع کیفی، به شیوة تحلیل مضمون، با تأمل بر نظریة ارسطو، شوخ­طبعی‌های جبهه را بررسی­می­کند و بدین شیوه، ضمن بررسی آراء ارسطو در زمینة طنز و شوخ­طبعی، کارکرد شوخ­طعی‌های جبهه را نشان­می­دهد. بر طبق نظریة آرامش مفرح، طنز با سرگرمی مخاطب، لذّت و انبساط خاطر وی را موجب­می­شود. یافته­‌ها ثابت­می­کند که درک آرامش و سرور با برجستگی صبغة معنوی از کارکرد‌های اصلی طنز در این مجموعه است که با نظریة ارسطو انطباق­می­یابد؛ امّا کارکرد‌های دیگری نیز از مطالعة موارد مندرج در فرهنگ شوخ­طبعی‌های جبهه به­دست­آمده که در تغییر فضای خشونت­بار جنگ، تأثیر چشمگیری داشته­ و از کارکرد اصلی نشأت گرفته­است. این کارکرد‌ها با عنوان کارکرد فرعی در نه مقوله طبقه­بندی­شده­اند که تنوّع و گستردگی طنز جبهه و تأثیرگذاری آن را نشان­می­دهد. همچنین جنبة اجتماعی طنز، رعایت ادب در طنز، تنوع دامنة طنز با حضور اقشار گوناگون و کنترل غیرمستقیم آن از دیگر یافته­‌های این پژوهش است که با ارائة شواهد نقد­می­شود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

• کارکرد طنز
• فرهنگ­نامة جبهه
• ارسطو
• نظریة آرامش مفرّح. 

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Function of Humor in Fight Wisecracks with Emphasis on Aristotle's Theory

نویسنده [English]

• Nasrin Fallah

Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
The encyclopedia of the war contains the humor of eight years of Holy Defense Which is collected based on the oral memoirs of Islamic warriors. The third volume of this encyclopedia contains all kinds of humor. These humor are categorized with a subject-oriented approach. Examining the humor functions of the Holy Defense, in addition to presenting another atmosphere of the fight that is depicted in the opposite point of the violence of war, shows its effect in softening and changing the atmosphere of the fight. This qualitative article, by means of content analysis, applies the theory of fun relaxation from Aristotle's point of view to the humor of the fight and in this way, with examining Aristotle's views on humor, it shows the function of the humor of the fight. According to the theory of fun relaxation, humor with the entertainment of the audience, causes pleasure and expansion.
Methodology
 This article is written in a descriptive-analytical method based on library resources. The study of the functions of humor explains the reason for its occurrence and analyzes the philosophy of humor; On the other hand, the study of the humor culture of the fight and criticize of it from the point of view of philosophers will provide valuable results that will be useful in compilation literary texts related to the atmosphere of war, such as poetry and stories.
Discussion
The importance of humor and its role in human life has interest philosophers and critics to study it. Among these philosophers, Aristotle proposed a comprehensive theory of humor that, by stating the place of humor in human moral values, the necessity of humor and how it affects human life. The humor of the fight is part of the fight culture, which is deeply connected with the moral and spiritual virtues. This study answers the following questions by examining the humor of the fight with emphasis on Aristotle's theory:
What is the nature of humor and its function from Aristotle's point of view?
According to Aristotle, what are the results of the analysis of the satire of the fight?
What are the functions of humor in the humor of the front?
Conclusion
The analysis of the humor of the fight from a philosophical point of view, by reflecting the rich culture of the front, describes its functions. The oldest comprehensive theory of the philosophy of humor goes to Aristotle. By expressing the place of humor in human moral virtues, he introduces this feature as one of the ways to achieve human happiness and perfection. Aristotle, in his book Nicomachean Ethics, enumerates the principles and characteristics of humor, while noting the observance of moderation, and considers its function to be pleasure, comfort, and happiness. The necessity of humor and its sociality, the diversity of the scope of humor and the necessity of controlling it by emphasizing the factor of politeness and prohibition of the legislator are other characteristics of humor. Among the three groups of people, he considers good-natured people to be the best companions.
Examining humor of the fight, in addition to the main function of peace and pleasure, shows other functions that are related to the main function, and for this reason, it is called the secondary or late function. These functions are classified into nine sections, which has had a significant effect on changing the violence atmosphere of war.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Humor function
• The encyclopedia of the war front
• Aristotle
• Theory of fun relaxation